In the past decades, the European Union has expanded eastward to include Malta, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Croatia.

For the purpose of this debate, an “academic freedom” framework refers to an educational system in which professors have the autonomy to design and implement their own syllabi and lesson plans without requiring prior approval from their department or university administration.

In contrast, a “unified curriculum” refers to a system where syllabi and teaching content are standardized across courses or departments, subject to oversight or approval by the university or relevant education authorities.

A positive moral obligation is a duty that requires a person or group to take action to do good or bring about a morally desirable outcome, rather than merely refraining from causing harm.

In the past decades, the European Union has expanded eastward to include Malta, Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Croatia.

For the purpose of this debate, an “academic freedom” framework refers to an educational system in which professors have the autonomy to design and implement their own syllabi and lesson plans without requiring prior approval from their department or university administration.

In contrast, a “unified curriculum” refers to a system where syllabi and teaching content are standardized across courses or departments, subject to oversight or approval by the university or relevant education authorities.

The “dirtbag left” is a style of left-wing politics that rejects political correctness and civility by using humor and vulgar language to communicate its message.